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What's shaping activity levels in England

As American artist Kenneth Nolan put it: “Context is the key – from that comes the understanding of everything”.

I find this is the case because it’s only by understanding the wider circumstances around data and evidence that we can properly interpret what they mean and why they matter.

Next week, our latest Active Lives Adult Survey data will be released, covering the period from November 2024 to November 2025.

What physical activity is really made of

It’s therefore an important time to take a step back and look at the context we were living in during that time.

That’s because sport and physical activity don’t happen in a vacuum. How active people are is shaped not only by opportunities and facilities, but also by how they feel about their lives, finances, communities and the world around them.

Our latest State of the Nation report brings together insights into key events and trends from November 2024-25 across six key areas: politics, economy and employment, demographics, society, technology and connectivity, and community and activity.

The aim is to help us, and the wider sector, to better understand the conditions shaping people’s ability, confidence and motivation to be physically active.

Many of the trends we look at are linked to how satisfied people feel with their lives, which is closely connected to how active they are.
 

How active people are is shaped not only by opportunities and facilities, but also by how they feel about their lives, finances, communities and the world around them.

Some circumstances make a direct difference. For example, warmer weather can make it easier to get out and be active, while for others their activity levels are shaped more indirectly by factors like money worries, security and wellbeing.

These influences affect different people in different ways and, as a result, we use them to help explain what’s going on, rather than treating them as simple causes with the same impact on everyone.

At a glance

Some of the key factors shaping how active adults and young people have been between November 2024 and November 2025 include the following:

  • Continuing political and economic uncertainty: low trust in politicians and ongoing financial concerns may have shaped people’s confidence and sense of security, and influenced the types of activities many were able to afford and take part in.
  • Widening differences between generations: younger adults were generally more optimistic about the future than older groups, affecting their motivation and confidence to stay active across life stages.
  • Higher temperatures and a drier year overall: warmer and drier weather created better conditions for activity, although it also reminded us that extreme weather can still be a barrier to activity for some groups.
  • Greater use of technology: despite the increasing use of technology in the sector, growing concerns and declining trust in AI may potentially limit how digital tools could support activity for everyone.
  • Leisure remaining important: with stable participation but mixed satisfaction in certain local communities, the role of leisure centres were highlighted to support a sense of connection and belonging in sustaining activity.

What this means for our sector

For anyone working to support activity, the State of the Nation highlights why how we design, target and communicate opportunities matters just as much as what we offer.

In practice, this means:

  • designing with confidence and control in mind: when people feel uncertain about finances, politics or the future, motivation to be active can be harder to sustain. Approaches that feel flexible, affordable and easy to opt into, especially at moments of transition or stress, are likely to matter most
  • recognising growing differences between groups: widening gaps in outlook between generations and differences by income, health and access to technology, mean that a single offer won’t work for everyone. Understanding local context and tailoring activity to people’s circumstances remains key to reducing inequalities in our sector
  • using digital tools thoughtfullytechnology can be a powerful enabler of activity, but growing scepticism about AI and digital harms reminds us that trust, access and confidence can’t be assumed. Digital approaches work best when they complement, rather than replace, human connection and local delivery
  • strengthening community connection, not just participation: satisfaction with neighbourhoods and communities remains low for many people. Creating welcoming, social and inclusive spaces for activity can support wellbeing and help people stick with being active over time
  • staying alert to changing conditions: from the weather to the economy, wider conditions can quickly alter what’s possible or appealing for different groups. Using insight to spot emerging barriers, and adapting early to overcome them, will be increasingly important.

Alongside the upcoming Active Lives Adult Survey, this year’s State of the Nation report reinforces the importance of context-led delivery: understanding not just who is active, but the wider forces shaping people’s lives and the need to respond to any challenges in ways that are empathetic, inclusive and grounded in local reality.

You can explore the report, alongside the latest findings from our Active Lives survey, to see how these trends interact and what they mean for supporting physical activity across England.
 

Find out more

Our Active Lives Surveys

Making movement matter

We all know that regular movement is one of the most powerful ways to reduce the risk of major illness, improve mental health and help people live longer, healthier lives. 

But access to movement is not equal and those who could benefit most often face the greatest barriers, whether through low confidence, complex health needs or difficulty navigating what’s available locally. 

We also know that simply encouraging people to be more active or signposting them to activities rarely leads to lasting change. 

What’s needed instead is a support system that reflects the realities of people’s lives and this is where social prescribing comes in.  

From access to engagement

Social prescribing is a personalised, community-based approach to health that focuses on ‘what matters to you’ rather than ‘what’s the matter with you’, recognising that wellbeing is shaped by a range of social, economic and environmental factors, many of which are linked to wider social inequalities.

It often begins with a referral (whether from a GP, a community worker or even a self-referral), which connects the individual to a link worker or similar role.

Social prescribers spend time understanding a person’s circumstances, interests and motivations before supporting them to access community-based activities, resources and services that meet their needs.

So, unlike traditional signposting, social prescribing provides sustained, relational support that enables individuals to take greater control of their health over time.  

In England, there are now over 3,300 link workers and a strong body of evidence that demonstrates the positive impact of social prescribing on both health outcomes and, in turn, healthcare services.

Social prescribing is a personalised, community-based approach to health that focuses on ‘what matters to you’ rather than ‘what’s the matter with you’.

Social prescribing is increasingly delivered across a range of settings, including primary care, secondary care and also within the community, supporting people at every stage of life.  

For the physical activity sector, social prescribing provides a vital mechanism to make movement a realistic, accessible and integrated part of people’s lives.  

Partnership, place and prevention

Sport England’s ongoing partnership with the National Academy for Social Prescribing (NASP) helps  
to enable this more connected, whole-system approach that strengthens the infrastructure, the relationships and the local capacity needed to connect people to movement through social prescribing. 

With Sport England’s support, NASP has built a strong evidence base for prescribing physical activity and has also developed guidance, campaigns and training for link workers to support movement-based referrals. 

We’ve also strengthened place-based community partnerships that are unlocking inclusive and innovative approaches to physical activity.

An example of this is Sunderland, where one social prescribing service has programmed silent discos for children with disabilities, dance for those at risk of falls and aerial workshops for older adults. These gave the opportunity to Marion, 95, of swinging from a silk hammock, laughing freely while suspended in the air for the very first time.  

Our most recent programme with Sport England, Movement Matters, aligns with their place-based investment approach.

The programme is designed to strengthen how physical activity is embedded within local social prescribing systems, supporting Active Partnerships to work more closely with primary care at a neighbourhood level in order to reach the communities most impacted by inactivity and health inequalities.  

The initial pilot in 2025 provided important foundations to strengthen relationships between sectors, support more strategic use of data and insights, and to build confidence among practitioners to position movement centrally within healthcare pathways.  

Building on this, we're preparing to launch a new phase of Movement Matters in April 2026 that will support Active Partnerships to translate insights into action, working with primary care to take a proactive social prescribing approach to health creation.

The new phase will also support wider primary care and community roles directly, providing resources, practical guidance and opportunities to share learning with the physical activity sector.   

This approach is a vital component of the vision for neighbourhood health, where prevention, community assets and personalised care play a central role in improving population health. 

This is reflected in Sport England’s recent blog for the Neighbourhood Health Implementation Programme.

This Social Prescribing Day, we recognise that creating active communities requires more than just provision.

It requires a way to connect people to movement that is shaped around their reality. 

When this happens, movement can become a routine part of health management, supporting people not only to stay well, but to live fully – with greater confidence, resilience and agency to take part in what matters the most. 

Want learn more about Social Prescribing? You can take NASPs free e-learning modules, including Social Prescribing Essentials, and Social Prescribing with Children and Young People.

From the riverbank to Prime Time

Long before I worked in sport, or even imagined running a sports charity, I was a state-school kid in Windsor learning how to row and trying to help keep our school boat club afloat.

My first experience of The Boat Race wasn’t from a fan park or a television screen but from the riverbank, where I was selling programmes to passers-by to help raise funds for the club.

That day, and what I felt during that time, stuck with me.

A group of young people with different colour t-shirts with "The Youth Boat Race" written on them pose with their medals on a sunny day.

The excitement of the day and its sense of history is huge, plus the Youth Boat Race aimed to bridge the gap between the on-water action and the young people watching from the bankside.

That memory was very much in my mind when in 2024 we began pitching the idea of a Youth Boat Race to the event organisers.

What the Youth Boat Race set out to achieve

After nearly 200 years of The Boat Race – one of the longest-running sporting events in the world, which this year will take place on Saturday 4 April – it felt there was an untapped opportunity for local young people, particularly those from state schools, to be part of it.

The ambition behind the Youth Boat Race was to change that, because this event was never just about racing. It was about access.

Access to rowing for young people who might not otherwise find it; access to the River Thames and its history and access to the feeling of belonging to an iconic and nationally televised major sporting event.

Inspired by The Boat Race and funded by The Oxford & Cambridge Rowing Foundation (OCRF), the charity that owns The Boat Race Company, the Youth Boat Race was designed to celebrate participation, teamwork and opportunity.

Crews would be mixed and inclusive, ensuring that everyone who wanted to race could do so, regardless of background or experience level and, just as importantly, the event was built with young people, not just for them.

The excitement of the day and its sense of history is huge, plus the Youth Boat Race aimed to bridge the gap between the on-water action and the young people watching from the bankside.

From school talks and volunteering opportunities to co-designing the event’s branding, the build-up and their input to shaping the event mattered, as those moments helped young rowers feel ownership, pride and a real connection to The Boat Race week itself.

Seeing the idea become reality

By April 2025, standing on the sunny banks of the Thames at Fulham Reach Boat Club, it was clear the idea had taken on a life of its own and the event featured on the BBC with a peak audience of 2.8 million. We even made our own video on the events of the day, which we are very proud of.

Over 100 state-school students and volunteers gathered for the second Youth Boat Race.

Eight mixed crews from schools across London raced side by side on the same stretch of river used by the Oxford and Cambridge University rowers, with families lining the banks and local supporters cheering.

The atmosphere was joyful, loud and deeply proud, with participants describing it as an amazing experience filled with music and laughter that they would “100% like to do again”, and "a very fun and a unique experience" that people thoroughly enjoyed and that built new memories with friends.

Watching young athletes race along the Championship Course was genuinely moving.

Many of them had discovered rowing through state school and community programmes, and that gave me an added sense of pride.

Speeches from OCRF Trustee Erin Kennedy OBE and Mayor Patricia Quigley captured exactly what the day represented: teamwork, trust, confidence and being part of something bigger than ourselves.

From pilot event to national stage

But for me, what has been most exciting is witnessing just how quickly the Youth Boat Race has grown.

From a small pilot in 2024, to a significantly expanded second year, all supported by the generosity of OCRF, the event has already become a meaningful fixture of Boat Race week. And now to see it included in Channel 4’s coverage this Easter Weekend 2026 truly feels like a milestone.

That visibility matters as it sends a powerful message to young people watching at home that rowing is something they can be part of.

After the inaugural Youth Boat Race in 2024, Owen Slot, chief sports writer at The Times, summed this up perfectly when he said: “Only when sports can spread the word like this does elite funding at the Olympic end really make sense.”

For me, that captures the essence of the Youth Boat Race and is the link between grassroots opportunity and elite sport, showing how inspiration, access and participation can exist hand-in-hand with elite level racing.

Looking ahead

The Youth Boat Race is still young, but its purpose is clear and each year it grows, not just in numbers, but in confidence, quality and impact too.

What began as an idea is now an event that brings communities together and opens doors for young people across London.

It proves that success isn’t measured by winning, but by the friendships formed, the confidence built and the moment a young person realises they belong on the river.

And this Easter, with the Youth Boat Race shared with a national audience, many more young people might just see themselves there too.

Leading the next phase of We Are Undefeatable

What better way to start the new year than with an exciting new role to get your teeth into?

In January, I joined the Richmond Group of Charities as the new programme director leading the We Are Undefeatable physical activity programme following a significant stint running behaviour change programmes in the active travel sector.

With Sport England funding recently confirmed up to March 2028, it was a great time to join the team and get cracking.

A busy year from the start

We Are Undefeatable is a game-changing programme, bringing together an impactful behaviour change campaign with thought-leading policy, and influencing work to support and encourage people with long-term health conditions to be active in ways that work for them.

Throw in a new strand of place-based pilot work starting later this year, plus lived experience voices underpinning all we do, and we’ve got a huge amount to offer the sector and our key audiences.

So, unsurprisingly, this year is shaping up to be an exciting one already.

To kick us off in January we launched our new place-based approach, inviting expressions of interest from a range of areas, all of whom are already connected to the Sport England place expansion work.

Our place-based work will build on our experiences so far working with Blackburn with Darwen and Lancashire on local versions of the We Are Undefeatable campaign to support places to embed systems change, increase opportunities for movement and frictionless pathways to physical activity for those with long-term health conditions. We look forward to announcing our new partnerships in the spring.

Earlier in February, we held our inaugural Lived Experience Network session.

This group will be pivotal as we move into the next phases of the programme, ensuring we are keeping the experiences and perspectives of our key audiences at the heart of our deliverables.

It’s also already proving valuable to our partners (including the Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine and the Active Partnerships National Organisation on the Moving Together programme), tapping into key expertise as meaningful contributors to work in development.

We’ll be lining up more opportunities for this collaborative working over the year and will continue to demonstrate to our network the impacts of their involvement.

In January we launched our new place-based approach, inviting expressions of interest from a range of areas, all of whom are already connected to the Sport England place expansion work.

The power of storytelling feeds through to our marketing efforts, with a social media influencer campaign and summer activation in development.

For it, we’ll be building on our previous successes with one in five people taking action having seen the campaign, 64% of people finding our advertising relatable and 66% agreeing that the campaign stands out from other advertising. Our insight hub offers more details about the response to the campaign.

And, while more details will come in due course, keep an eye out for a summer campaign and how you, and your networks, can get behind it.

Evaluating past efforts and looking ahead

While a lot of our lobbying and influencing work goes on behind the scenes, we’re particularly excited to kick start work on a follow up to our impactful Millions More Moving report from 2024 to see progress made against the policy shifts we set out to influence.

This time we’ll be going into it with greater depth on how and why to get millions more moving.

We’re also proud of our continued work on shaping the implementation of the 10 Year Health Plan, which will provide a focus for our lobbying and influencing work.

Our Lived Experience Insights Dashboard helps to inform our influencing work, so we’re delighted that this resource continues to be freely available for anyone who wants to access it as it now spans several years’ worth of data from 13,000 respondents with long-term conditions.

And finally (yep, there’s still more!), we’re heading into year two of having our very own app, which we’re about to get the first 12-month evaluation back from (thanks to GoodBoost and London Metropolitan University for working with us on that).

A sneak peek shows increases in physical activity for those engaging with the app and increases in personal motivation to be more active, which we’re thrilled to see.

With over 13,000 users registered already, this is a promising start to a fundamental part of the behaviour change journey for our audiences.

With such a busy year ahead there’s great cause for optimism that in 12 months' time we’ll have taken huge strides to achieving our goals within our role as a system partner and across our wider sector.    

Find out more

We Are Undefeatable

The future of inclusive sport

From the bloodandthunder drama of para ice hockey (I challenge anyone to watch a match and not feel exhausted) to the debut of mixed doubles curling, the Milano Cortina 2026 Paralympics Winter Games delivered far more than sporting excellence.

We’ve witnessed what human potential looks like when barriers are removed and inclusion is real, but climate change is shifting and rebuilding those barriers – making them higher, harder and, for some, insurmountable.

This is because climate change exacerbates inequality, threatening the hard-won gains made by disability activists over decades and, while progress has been huge, the extreme change in our weather and its effects on Earth are a stark reminder of how fragile that advancement is.

We even saw the impact of climate change at the Games, with some athletes voicing concerns that the March schedule for the event is now too late in the year and that competition conditions were being impacted by warm 'spring-like' weather.

The lesser known dangers of climate change 

Evidence submitted to Parliament is unequivocal: disabled people are more negatively affected by the health and social impacts of climate change than the general population – not primarily because of their impairments – but because systems already fail to meet their basic needs.

People living with disabilities – who are already twice as likely to be inactive according to our research, but who gain the most for their wellbeing from being able to take part in sport and physical activity – are disproportionately affected by rising heat, greater flooding risk and disruptions to accessible transport.

Sport England’s mission is to enable more people take part in sport and activity, but extreme weather is already making that harder.

From washed-out pitches to heatwaves that make outdoor sport unsafe, extreme weather has already prevented three in five adults in England from being active.

Climate research consistently shows why this happens and it’s simple and disheartening – disabled people are routinely excluded from climate adaptation planning.

Globally, 80% of national climate strategies fail to reference disability, leaving huge gaps in preparedness and emergency support.

And wherever disabled people are mentioned at all, they are often labelled as ‘inherently vulnerable’ – a misconception that shifts responsibility away from systems that fail to include them.
 

We’ve witnessed what human potential looks like when barriers are removed and inclusion is real, but climate change is shifting and rebuilding those barriers – making them higher, harder and, for some, insurmountable.

When torrential and constant rain hits it’s harder to manoeuvre a wheelchair outside. When a ramp floods, when accessible transport is disrupted, when a facility closes ‘for a few days’, some people lose far more than a chance to exercise. They lose independence, community and joy.

If we want to protect the magic of sport and movement – plus the hard-won progress of inclusion in sport for people with disabilities – we must protect the planet that makes sport possible.

That is why Sport England’s mission to help people get active now include helping the planet stay stable.

In May 2024, we launched Every Move, our first environmental sustainability strategy, to help the 150,000 sports clubs and 98,000 facilities across England sitting on the frontline of climate impacts.

We backed this with more than £45 million of National Lottery funding and already more than 570 interventions are underway, including solar panels on roofs, energy efficient systems in leisure centres or redesigned outdoor spaces to cope with flooding.

These changes cut carbon and also keep facilities open, safe and accessible for the communities who depend on them most.

On top of these, all of our partners must have sustainability action plans in place by March 2027 as a funding condition.

This isn’t a box-ticking exercise, but about futureproofing the places and spaces that people rely on to stay active, healthy and connected as communities, including our swimming pools, village halls, football pitches or athletics tracks, to name a few.

Community action agains climate change 

It’s great to see how sport is willing to innovate to face the disrupting weather conditions.

Football and all-weather pitches are working with us to explore transitions away from rubber infill and to increase recycling capacity, with the ambition to be the first in the world to have a fully sustainable system by 2035.

Elsewhere, leisure centres are switching to more efficient systems and community clubs are testing and implementing changes.

Be it the guys at Whalley Range Cricket & Lawn Tennis Club, who are planting trees on the outskirts of playing fields to better soak up excess water, or the river clean-ups hosted by Fulham Reach Boat Club – an organisation doing great work through Row to Rhythm, a project for individuals with visual impairments.

Actions like these collectively truly add up to major impact.

Going back to international competitions, the challenges facing the Winter Paralympics, and winter sport more widely, should not drive despair. They should galvanise us instead, because sport has always been about rising to the moment and responding to the now.

And right now, the moment demands that we confront climate change not just as an environmental issue, but as a justice matter – one that threatens to undo decades of progress in making sport accessible, inclusive and transformative.

If we want a future where Paralympians can still inspire the world from real snow and real ice, and where disabled people everywhere can access the benefits of movement, we must act together and we must do so right now.
 

A call to keep pushing

International Women’s Day is a date that, contextually, makes me reflect on how far women’s sport has come.

From being excluded entirely to selling out stadiums and becoming Euro champions, women and girls have had to overcome barrier after barrier in the UK (and beyond).

There is so much to celebrate in that progress, yet we’re still a long way from a world where sport is genuinely accessible and inclusive for everyone, regardless of identity.

Recognising this inequality is what shifted the direction of my own life and it continues to be the driving force behind my commitment to creating change for others. 

'Give to Gain'

This year’s theme, 'Give to Gain', really resonates with me because it reflects much of my own experience.

A lot of my journey has involved giving time, energy and care to support women, girls, trans and non-binary people, often alongside my main role, without always knowing what that would lead to.

What I’ve gained in return has been confidence, perspective and a much clearer sense of why this work matters. 

Through my role as activities and opportunities officer at Leeds University Union, I’ve been involved in work linked to the Women’s+ Sports Participation Project.

This is a great initiative that focuses on understanding why women and marginalised genders engage, or don’t engage, in sport and what needs to change to support them better.

Giving time to this work has reinforced how important it is to listen properly in order to create welcoming environments and challenge assumptions about who sport is for.

A lot of my journey has involved giving time, energy and care to support women, girls, trans and non-binary people, often alongside my main role, without always knowing what that would lead to.

Seeing people feel more confident accessing sport and physical activity has been one of the most rewarding parts of what I do. 

Recently, I joined Sport England’s Co‑Design Group and took part in an introductory session.

While I’m still very new to the space, what stood out to me straight away was the emphasis on lived experience and learning from one another.

Women's leadership in our sector

Being in a room where people are encouraged to share honestly and where those experiences are treated as valuable, felt important.

At this stage, my role is very much about listening, learning and understanding how these spaces work, but even that feels meaningful.  

Alongside this, being part of Leading the Movement has helped me reflect on leadership and what it looks like for women in sport.

There are positive signs, for example, that more women are stepping into leadership positions and that progress deserves to be recognised.

But when you look more closely, the number of younger women in leadership roles is still relatively small and that gap matters because younger women bring different experiences, challenges and perspectives that aren’t always represented.  

This realisation has also made me think about how often society equates age with experience.

However, I’ve learned first‑hand that this isn’t true because passion can outweigh knowledge and when someone is genuinely committed to making change, they will learn with purpose.

So I want to challenge the assumption that leadership must come with age, because it overlooks the value, insight and drive that younger women bring.

The future of sport

That’s why I believe that creating space for that passion to be recognised is just as important as creating space for experience, which is what I feel Leading the Movement has really committed to. 

All of this reminds me that progress in women’s sport has never happened by accident.  

It has happened because people have been willing to give their time, their voice and their energy to push for something better.

All of this leads me to the conclussion that 'Give to Gain' isn’t just a theme, it's a necessity.

Because when we give space to people’s stories, we gain understanding. When we give opportunities to those who are overlooked, we gain stronger, more diverse leadership. And when we give our passion to a cause, we gain the possibility of real, lasting change. 

As we celebrate International Women’s Day, I feel hopeful about what comes next.

There is still a long way to go, but there is also a growing community of people of all ages, identities and experiences who are determined to reshape what sport can be.

I want to be part of that movement not just to open doors for others, but by challenging the assumptions that keep those doors closed in the first place.

If we continue to listen, to learn and to lead with purpose, then the future of sport will not only be more equal, but also more representative of everyone it’s meant to serve. 

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